These algal blooms can cause respiratory illness and eye irritation in humans. In the Gulf of Mexico, some harmful algal blooms are caused by the microscopic algae species Karenia brevis, commonly called red tide.
Gulf of Mexico Harmful Algal Bloom Forecast The forecasts help people make informed choices about where and when to visit areas that may be temporarily affected by a bloom. NOAA issues forecasts to monitor bloom conditions and the potential for impacts. Lastly, Ciguatera Fish Poisoning can be an issue in South Florida and off of Texas, due to toxins produced by Gambierdiscus, a type of organism associated with macroalgae on coral reefs. In addition, recreational harvesting of puffer fish is banned in some estuaries in Florida because of the threat of saxitoxins produced by an organism called Pyrodinium. In Florida, closures have occurred due to an organism called Pseudo-nitzschia, which can produce toxins causing Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning.
Shellfish harvesting closures have occurred in Texas due to blooms of Dinophysis, which can produce toxins causing Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning. The Gulf of Mexico experiences a variety of other HABs. While these events are most frequent in coastal regions of southwest Florida, they occur to a lesser extent throughout the Gulf region. Blooms also discolor the water and cause widespread mortality of fish, turtles, birds, and marine mammals. They can also accumulate in shellfish and cause Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning in humans, so affected states closely monitor shellfish and may close harvesting for a period of time to protect public health. The toxins can be suspended in the air near beaches and cause human respiratory illness. One of the most well-known harmful algal blooms (HABs) is the Florida " red tide" caused by Karenia brevis, a type of algae that produces potent neurotoxins.
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